By John H. Steele, Karl K. Turekian, Steve A. Thorpe
ISBN-10: 0080964834
ISBN-13: 9780080964836
Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry is a by-product of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, second version and serves as a big reference on present wisdom and services in a single handy and available source. The chosen articles-all written through specialists of their field-fall into numerous different types, including: chemistry of sea water, tracers within the sea, natural radioactive species within the ocean, cycles of the nuclides, marine deposits and air sea exchanges. Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry serves as an excellent reference for topical learn. References comparable articles on marine chemistry and geochemistry to facilitate additional researchRichly illustrated with figures and tables that reduction in figuring out key conceptsIncludes an introductory assessment of marine chemistry and geochemistry after which explores every one subject intimately, making it beneficial to specialists and graduate-level researchersTopical association makes it the right table reference
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Extra resources for Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
Example text
The cycle is completed when the nutrient and CO2 reservoirs at depth are returned to the surface via vertical advection (upwelling) and mixing processes. The deep-water concentrations of both major nutrient elements (N, P, and Si) and many micronutrients (Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu) are much higher in deep waters of the Pacific than the Atlantic (Figure 2) because of large-scale ocean circulation patterns, in which deep waters are formed via subduction at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and are returned to the surface via upwelling in the northern regions of the North Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Though the differing vertical profiles suggest that some of the available sea water Pt data are subject to analytical artifact, it is uncertain which data are most reliable. The uncertainties regarding the vertical distribution of Pt are mirrored in our understanding of the chemical form of Pt in sea water. There is agreement among different workers that the two relevant valances of Pt are Pt(II) and Pt(IV). Some workers argue that Pt(II), stabilized by strong chloro-complexes, is the primary form of Pt in sea water, whereas others argue that Pt(II) is only significant in surface waters and that Pt(IV) dominates in oxic deep water.
3 billion years ago, the chemistry of the ocean was far different from that which exists today. There was no free oxygen and the entire ocean and Earth’s surface was much more reducing. Under these conditions, the stable redox state of Fe, Mn, and Co was soluble Fe(II), Mn(II), and Co(II), and that of copper was Cu(I). Furthermore, the stable redox form of sulfur was sulfide (À 2 oxidation state), rather sulfate (þ 6 oxidation state), which occurs in present-day seawater at a relatively high concentration (28 mM).
Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences by John H. Steele, Karl K. Turekian, Steve A. Thorpe
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