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Extra info for The Bible at Qumran: Text, Shape, and Interpretation (Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature)

Example text

Its earliest uses in Scripture had to do with seeking an oracle or instruction (a torah) from a prophet, priest, or other oracle. Upon the demise of prophecy, for some Jewish communities, in the sixth-fifth centuries BCE, and the introduction of the Pentateuch as Torah, edited by Ezra in Babylonia and brought to Jerusalem somewhere around 445 BCE, one then began to drash the Torah as text instead of drashing spiritual leaders to seek light on and guidance for new and ever-changing situations and circumstances.

Though the author of 1 Maccabees (ca. 125 BCE), for example, recognized that prophecy had ceased in Israel years before his time (cf. 1 Mace 9:27), the text of the OT was still open dur­ ing this period. Scribes of this era were still the authorized revisers of the text, not just copyists. They continued to expand portions of the OT and to alter it to such an extent that their productions might equally be considered as dis­ tinct literary editions rather than as copies. In addition, they continued to re­ vise older texts philologically to make them more intelligible to younger gen­ erations.

4) The labors of the Masoretes (600-1000 CE), who based their work on the Proto-MT, came to a conclusion ca. 1000 CE, when 28 How We Got the Hebrew Bible the Masorete Aaron ben Asher produced the authoritative Masoretic Text, as recognized already on the frontispiece of the Leningrad Codex (1009 CE). (5) The medieval manuscripts of the MT were produced between 1000 CE and the invention of printing (ca. 1500 CE). (6) The Great Rabbinic Bible (ca. 1525 CE) became the standard text of the MT until 1936, when R Kahle got back to the Ben Asher text by basing the third edition of BH on the Leningrad manuscript B 1 9 (L).

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