By Martin Moeller, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
ISBN-10: 0444533494
ISBN-13: 9780444533494
The development in polymer technological know-how is printed in basically all chapters of Polymer technology: A finished Reference. In quantity 1, edited by means of Khokhlov and Kremer, this is often mirrored within the stronger figuring out of the houses of polymers in answer, in bulk and in constrained occasions comparable to in skinny movies. quantity 2, edited by means of Spiess, Hashimoto and Takenaka, addresses new characterization recommendations, comparable to excessive solution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and different systems for floor and interface characterization. quantity three, edited through Coates and Sawamoto, provides the nice growth accomplished in certain artificial polymerization options for vinyl monomers to manage macromolecular structure: the advance of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization techniques, and atom move radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain move platforms because the regularly used controlled/living radical polymerization equipment. quantity four, edited through Penczek and Grubbs, is dedicated to kinetics, mechanisms and functions of ring commencing polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), in addition to to numerous much less universal polymerization concepts. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, together with dendrimer synthesis and diverse "click" systems, are coated in quantity five, edited through Schmidt and Ueda. quantity 6, edited by means of Mueller and Wooley, specializes in numerous features of managed macromolecular architectures and delicate nano-objects together with hybrids and bioconjugates. a few of the achievements could haven't been attainable with out new characterization suggestions like AFM that allowed direct imaging of unmarried molecules and nano-objects with a precision to be had only in the near past. a completely new point in polymer technology is predicated at the mixture of bottom-up equipment reminiscent of polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring corresponding to lithography and floor templating, as awarded in quantity 7, edited by means of Kumacheva and Russell. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle meeting in bulk and below limited stipulations or stimulated by means of an exterior box, together with skinny movies, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. quantity eight, edited through Muellen and Ober, expands those techniques concentrating on purposes in complicated applied sciences, e.g. in digital and facilities on blend with most sensible down process and useful homes like conductivity. one other form of performance that's of speedily expanding value in polymer technology is brought in quantity nine, edited by way of Langer and Tirrell. It bargains with numerous points of polymers in biology and drugs, together with the reaction of residing cells and tissue to the touch with biofunctional debris and surfaces. The final quantity 10, edited through Hoefer, Hickner and McGrath, is dedicated to the scope and power supplied through environmentally benign and eco-friendly polymers, in addition to energy-related polymers. They talk about new applied sciences wanted for a sustainable economic system in our international of restricted assets. universal to all ways in Polymer technology: A accomplished Reference is getting to know an expanding complexity of the polymer fabrics constitution wanted for a transformation in concentration from commodities to fabrics for numerous complex functions, regarding strength, surroundings, and biomedicine.
- Provides huge and in-depth assurance of all points of polymer technological know-how from synthesis/polymerization, houses, and characterization tools and methods to nanostructures, sustainability and effort, and biomedical makes use of of polymers
- Provides a definitive resource for these coming into or learning during this zone by way of integrating the multidisciplinary elements of the technological know-how into one targeted, updated reference work
- Electronic model has entire cross-referencing and multi-media components
- Volume editors are international specialists of their box (including a Nobel Prize winner)
- 269 chapters masking all elements of polymer technology from synthesis, characterization, homes and nanostructures to biomedical makes use of, sustainability and effort functions
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Additional info for Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 10 Volume Set
Example text
The high cyclization yield observed (between 90% and 80% depending on the precursor molar mass) was interpreted by the intramolecular association of lithium carbanions under the cyclization conditions. 58–60 Reported cyclization yields range from 70% to 40% with increasing precursor molar mass. After fractionation, SEC shows macrocycles with a hydrodynamic size substantially lower (approximately 30%) than that of the linear precursor present at less than 5%. 60 In the same way, well-defined and narrow molecular weight distribution macrocyclic poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN)61–63 with DPn up to 120 and poly(9,9-dimethyl-2 vinylfluorene) (PDMVF) with DPn = 14064 were prepared from potassium naphthalide (K-Naph)-initiated polymeriza tion of 2VN or DMVF in THF at –78 °C.
KGaA. The present approach brings a direct proof of the formation of these polymer structures during the end-to-end cyclization of long polymer chains. 10,11,15,18,27,43,48,54,72,75,78,79,81,84,131,133–137 These studies have shown that the static and dynamic prop erties of cyclic polymers present noticeable differences compared to the case of linear chains. These differences origi nate, in particular, from their thermodynamic behavior, conformational characteristics, and evolution in time (dynamics) in solution and in the bulk.
Topology | Synthesis and Properties of Macrocyclic Polymers 11 Scheme 5 Table 1 Bifunctional initiator, coupling agent, and reaction conditions used for the preparation of cyclic polystyrene by end-to-end bimolecular cyclization Initiating system Coupling agent Solvent References K naphthalenide K naphthalenide Na naphthalenide Na naphthalenide Li naphthalenide Li naphthalenide 2,7-Dimethyl-3,6-diphenyloctane dilithium salt K naphthalenide 1,3-Bis(1-phenylethylenyl) benzene dilithium salt α,α′-Dichloro-p-xylene α,α′-Dibromo-p-xylene α,α′-Dibromo-p-xylene Dimethyldichlorosilane 1,3-Bis(1-phenylethenyl) benzene α,α′-Dibromo-p-xylene, dibromomethane α,α′-Dibromo-p-xylene, dibromomethane K naphthalenide 1,3-Bis(1-phenylethylenyl) benzene (DDPE) THF Benzene or THF THF Cyclohexane or THF THF or cyclohexane THF THF THF Benzene 10 12, 43 13 48 49 50 51, 52 53 54 PαMS is obtained by protonation of the PαMS dianions.
Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 10 Volume Set by Martin Moeller, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
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