By Asaf Hussain (auth.)
ISBN-10: 1349175293
ISBN-13: 9781349175291
ISBN-10: 1349175315
ISBN-13: 9781349175314
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Sample text
45 Furthermore, this salaried class cannot be compared to the Western middle class, which came into existence after industrialisation and so defends order and property. 46 The new middle class is interested in ideas for implementation, The Middle Class as an Agent of Change 19 action to enhance its power, and careers for vertical social mobility. Ideologically it therefore is committed to social reform. It has penetrated the civil, political and military structures of the majority of Middle Eastern countries, and a similar change is observable in the political arena.
In this manner, therefore, it acts as an independent force for the following reasons: (I) prior to its seizure of power, it was freer than any other class from traditional bonds and preconceptions, and is thus better equipped to manipulate armies and voluntary organisations as revolutionary political instruments; (2) once it controlled the machinery of a modernising state, it possessed a power base superior to that which any other class in the Middle East could muster on the basis of prestige, property or physical force; (3) it is numerically one ofthe largest groups within the modern sector of society; (4) it is, so far, more obviously cohesive, more self-conscious, and better trained than any other class; (5) its political, economic and social actions, in so far as they come to grips with social change, are decisive in determining the role other classes will play in the future; (6) it has shown itself capable of marshalling mass support.
Compounding the problem was the country's deteriorating political and economic situation. Corruption was on the increase, and politicians, students and workers demanded the restoration of democracy. A general strike paralysed the country, and an opposition front led by two religious leaders forced Abboud to hand over power to a transitional government in 1964. The transitional government held elections in 1965, and Muhammad Ahmad Mahjoub of the Umma Party (UP) became Prime Minister. The new regime's politics soon became polarised into a confrontation between right- and left-wing factions.
Political Perspectives on the Muslim World by Asaf Hussain (auth.)
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