By Kenneth J. Klabunde, Ryan M. Richards
ISBN-10: 0470222700
ISBN-13: 9780470222706
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Extra resources for Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, Second edition
Example text
J. Klabunde, J. R. Schulp. Chem. Materials 1991, 3: 175. S. I. Stoeva, B. L. V. Prasad, U. Sitharaman, P. Stoimenov, V. Zaikovski, C. M. Sorensen, K. J. Klabunde. J. Phys. Chem. B. (invited paper for A. Henglein Special Issue) 2003, 107: 441. REFERENCES 33 REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. M. P. Marder. Condensed Matter Physics. New York: Wiley, 2000. G. Wulff, Z. Kristallogr. 1901, 34: 449. C. Herring.
J. Klabunde, editor. Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, 1st edn. New York: Wiley Interscience, 2001, p. 16. 14 INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCALE MATERIALS IN CHEMISTRY, EDITION II 9. “ Top down” approaches to nano refer to those in which larger systems are broken down until they reach they nanoscale while “bottom up” involves building nanoscale materials by putting together atoms or molecules. 10. The two general modes of colloidal stabilization are electrostatic (left) and steric (right). In the electrostatic mode there is a bilayer of anions (often halides) and a second layer of cations (for example tetra alkylammonium).
As Au NPs find more and more applications there has been increasing concern about their possibly harmful interaction with biological organisms (nanotoxicity). Recent studies indicate that prolonged exposure of cells to high concentrations of NPs does cause cell damage. These effects appear to be related to the penetration of NPs into cells and the generation of active oxygen species (45). 3 Summary The perception of gold as a highly inert material has been transformed by the discovery that nanosized gold particles are chemically active for numerous reactions.
Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, Second edition by Kenneth J. Klabunde, Ryan M. Richards
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