Read e-book online Genes, chromosomes, and disease PDF

By Gillham N.W.

ISBN-10: 0137075448

ISBN-13: 9780137075447

This readable evaluate covers the increase of clinical genetics in the course of the previous century, and the eugenic impulses it has encouraged. Nicholas Gillham stories the linkages among genes and affliction; ethnic teams’ differential susceptibility to genetic features and problems; custom-made medication; and an important social and moral concerns coming up from the field’s development.

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Example text

Water normally follows the chloride ions out of these cells by the process of osmosis. In cystic fibrosis, chloride transport is blocked so water does not pass out of the cells. The mucus becomes much more viscous than normal because there is insufficient water available to dilute it. The external surfaces of many of the cells, such as those that line the lungs, are covered with beating cilia that propel the mucus, and any bacteria that may be contained in it, into the throat and out of the body.

What is all that other DNA doing that has no obvious genetic function? We know that at least 50% of the genome, perhaps more, is made up of repeated sequences that do not encode human proteins and often no proteins at all. 46 They either are or at one time were capable of movement from one site in the genome to another. Transposons are the first group of mobile elements. They comprise around 3% of the genome. The name transposon evokes the word transposition and, indeed, these elements are capable of moving from one to another place in the genome.

The name transposon evokes the word transposition and, indeed, these elements are capable of moving from one to another place in the genome. The easiest way to think about transposition is as a “cut-and-paste” process. One cuts out a word, or a group of words, in a text and then pastes those words into a specific place elsewhere in the text. The important difference Wow! Com> 22 genes, chromosomes, and disease between transposition and cutting and pasting is that, although transposition will take place only into its target DNA sequence, the element can be pasted into that sequence anywhere in the genome.

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Genes, chromosomes, and disease by Gillham N.W.


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