By G.F. Froment, K.C. Waugh
ISBN-10: 0444826092
ISBN-13: 9780444826091
Many approaches of the chemical are dependent upon heterogeneous catalysis. very important goods of those strategies are the advance of the catalyst itself and the layout and optimization of the reactor. either facets would get advantages from rigorous and actual kinetic modeling, established upon info at the operating catalyst received from classical regular nation experimentation, but in addition from reviews utilizing floor technology strategies, from quantum chemical calculations offering extra perception into attainable response pathways and from brief experimentation facing reactions and reactors. this data is seldom mixed right into a kinetic version and right into a quantitative description of the method. regularly the catalytic elements are handled by means of chemists and by way of physicists, whereas the chemical engineers are referred to as upon for mechanical elements of the reactor layout and its regulate. The symposium "Dynamics of Surfaces and response Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis" goals at illustrating a extra worldwide and concerted strategy via a couple of prestigious keynote lectures and critically screened oral and poster displays.
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Additional resources for Dynamics of surfaces and reaction kinetics in heterogeneous catalysis: proceedings of the international symposium, Antwerp, Belgium, September 15-17, 1997
Sample text
It is clear that we can obtain good quality images of flat surfaces and yet have difficulty deducing the structures of moderately rough surfaces. The surface in equilibrium with carbon monoxide is again different from that in either hydrogen or oxygen. On the scale of 1 to 30 A, the surface appears to be smooth relative to the hydrogen case, showing no hints of missing-row reconstructions (Fig. 2c). On a larger scale, we see features, but of a much different nature than the surface in oxygen, appearing as though the surface has formed multiple height steps.
To illustrate the multifunctional role of oxygen, we present two specific examples. The first system examines ammonia oxidation. In the second, we re-visit the acetate decomposition system on Pd(111) that was discussed earlier. 1. Ammonia Oxidation Roberts et. al. [115, 116] have demonstrated that a transient oxygen intermediate is responsible for opening up a non-activated route for the oxidation of ammonia over copper. The activation of ammonia in the gas phase is a highly unlikely, requiring over +400 kJ/mol.
While the reaction path presented in Fig. 19 provides some interesting ideas, it is only likely at very low surface coverages and in the absence of oxygen. The presence of oxygen will likely influence both the kinetics as well as the thermodynamics. The effect of oxygen on the overall energetics of the elementary steps of the VAM process is depicted in Fig. 20. In addition, oxygen decreases the endothermicity of ethylene to vinyl surface reaction by 20 kJ/mol. The 30 vinyl/acetate coupling and VAM desorption steps do not appear to be strongly influenced by the presence of oxygen.
Dynamics of surfaces and reaction kinetics in heterogeneous catalysis: proceedings of the international symposium, Antwerp, Belgium, September 15-17, 1997 by G.F. Froment, K.C. Waugh
by Ronald
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