By Victoria Wohl
ISBN-10: 1107050499
ISBN-13: 9781107050495
This quantity explores the conceptual terrain outlined by means of the Greek notice eikos: the possible, most likely, or moderate. A time period of paintings in Greek rhetoric, a defining function of literary fiction, a seminal mode of historic, clinical, and philosophical inquiry, eikos used to be a manner of considering the possible and inconceivable, the actual and counterfactual, the hypothetical and the genuine. those 13 unique and provocative essays learn the believable arguments of court audio system and the 'likely tales' of philosophers, verisimilitude in paintings and literature, the possibility of resemblance in human copy, the bounds of human wisdom and the chances of moral and political service provider. the 1st artificial research of probabilistic pondering in historical Greece, the amount illuminates a desirable bankruptcy within the heritage of Western proposal.
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Additional resources for Probabilities, Hypotheticals, and Counterfactuals in Ancient Greek Thought
Sample text
15 So, for example, Ferrari tells us that ‘Socrates’ riposte to Teisias’ parry is dismissive . . 17 Certainly, there is good reason to assume a connection between the two passages. The discussion of Tisias’ teachings on to eikos was introduced in response to a worry that Socrates was setting the bar too high in suggesting that only the man fully trained in psychology and dialectic could achieve the science of persuasion (271c10–272c4). 18 Both 273d2–6 and 261e6–262c3 share the context of a refutation of the claim that persuasion can be achieved without knowledge.
I designate them both explicit eikos arguments – arguments where the word eikos or a close cognate occurs. 3 Judging solely from Plato’s account, Tisias taught pupils to lie in court and to use a well-known traditional type of eikos argument, hardly enough to give him the reputation for innovation and originality he later possessed. Aristotle, however, presents a different version of this same case, which he attributes to Corax, and his version is more interesting. In the Rhetoric Aristotle cites an example of a case where the likely is in fact not likely (1402a18–23): ἄν τε γὰρ μὴ ἔνοχος ᾖ τῇ αἰτίᾳ, οἷον ἀσθενὴς ὢν αἰκίας φεύγει (οὐ γὰρ εἰκός), κἂν ἔνοχος ᾖ, οἷον ἰσχυρὸς ὤν (οὐ γὰρ εἰκός, ὅτι εἰκὸς ἔμελλε δόξειν).
30 Eikos in Plato’s Phaedrus 31 to be more honoured than truths’ (pro t¯on al¯eth¯on ta eikota eidon h¯os tim¯etea mallon). 3 This passing reference to to eikos is rightly connected to the more extensive discussion found later in the Phaedrus, at 272d2–274a5. This later discussion serves to elaborate the critique of the sophistic analysis of arguments from likelihood as indifferent to truth. Such arguments are apparently tailored to the beliefs of their audience and the need to persuade, with no regard for the truth of the matter.
Probabilities, Hypotheticals, and Counterfactuals in Ancient Greek Thought by Victoria Wohl
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