By Gottfried Glockner
ISBN-10: 0080858376
ISBN-13: 9780080858371
ISBN-10: 0444995072
ISBN-13: 9780444995070
The most topic of this e-book is the characterization of plastics. To a excessive measure the homes of those polymers rely on the distribution of the molar mass and of different structural good points, and small deviations usually have a very good impression. for this reason the characterization of polymers can't be limited to the selection of suggest values yet needs to yield info on those distributions. utilizing classical equipment, the analytical fractionation of polymer homologues and structurally isomeric polymers is very time-consuming. accordingly, effective chromatographic thoughts are being more and more hired in sleek polymer characterization. within the first position, high-performance liquid chromatography is utilized, within the type of measurement exclusion chromatography. it's also attainable, in spite of the fact that, to take advantage of different separation modes. more room is dedicated to those different chances during this quantity than is merited by way of their present variety of functions, because the writer believes that many separation difficulties could be solved by means of separation innovations of the non-exclusion sort. however, a lot emphasis is put on measurement exclusion chromatography.
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Extra resources for Polymer Characterization by Liquid Chromatography
Example text
3-24) we obtain the resolution: (3-25) This equation shows that the resolving power depends on three factors: (a) the column efficiency factor, which increases with the root of the number of theoretical plates, and hence with the root of the length of the separating path, (b) the relative distribution factor, which increases with the difference in the distribution constants, and (c) the retention factor, which is determined by the phase ratio. A chromatographic bed has a high retention factor if it can take up a large amount of substance.
B IYI Y hl B t d) IY A direction of migration 4 start Fig. 3-4 Separation of a mixture of six components having different distribution coefficients a) The weak eluent A develops the components 1, I1 and 111, but not the more strongly retained components IV-VI, which move far too slowly. b) The strong eluent B separates the components IV-VI. At the start of the chromatogram the resolution is, however, unsatisfactory. c) Replacement of the weak eluent A by the strong eluent B after the development of peaks 1-111 produces a good separation of all the components.
6. Associates Especially in the neighbourhood of the 0 point, the interactions between the macromolecules are so strong, as compared to those between solvent molecules and macromolecules, that they prevent the occurrence of genuine, molecular-disperse solutions. The solutions contain associated particles consisting of several macromolecules; these associates are decomposed by an increase in temperature or dilution. Association phenomena interfere with many measurements because they make the results depend, at least partially, on supermolecular assemblies which change with the external conditions.
Polymer Characterization by Liquid Chromatography by Gottfried Glockner
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