By Plato, Benjamin Jowett
In 427 B.C., the traditional Greek city-state of Athens was once flourishing. nearly eighty years prior, the Athenians had shaped the 1st self-representative democracy in background, the Peloponnesian conflict opposed to Sparta had basically simply all started, and Socrates used to be merely commencing to lay the root of what may develop into Western philosophy. That yr Plato used to be born to a filthy rich family members: with an uncle who used to be shut associates with Socrates, Plato used to be probably destined to turn into a thinker. through the tip of his existence, Plato had certainly turn into the main thinker of his time, and maybe the main recognized thinker in Western historical past. None of Socrates’ works survived antiquity, so so much of what's identified approximately him got here from the writings of his fans, so much significantly Plato. what's recognized approximately Socrates is that he looked as if it would make a occupation out of philosophy, and Plato used to be cause on following in his footsteps. but for all the effect of Socrates’ existence on Plato, it was once Socrates’ demise round 399 B.C. that actually formed him. Plato was once so embittered via Socrates’ trial in Athens that he thoroughly soured on Athenian democracy, and he started to commute round the Mediterranean, learning subject matters like arithmetic, honing his method of philosophical pondering, and carrying on with to refine his philosophical ideals. a couple of decade later, Plato back to Athens and based his recognized Platonic Academy round 387 B.C., which he oversaw for forty years until eventually his loss of life. one in all Plato’s philosophical ideals was once that writing down teachings used to be much less worthwhile than passing them down orally, and a number of other of Plato’s writings are responses to earlier writings of his, so Plato’s in my view held ideals are challenging to parent. in spite of the fact that, Plato proficient a number of next philosophers, leader between them Aristotle, and his writings finally shaped the spine of Western philosophy.
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Sample text
It is not what they suppose, stripes or capital punishment, nothing of which in many cases has to be borne by the un righteous; no! it is a penalty from which there is no escape. Theod. Of what then do you speak? Soc. My dear friend, there are two examples set before us in the order of things; that of the godlike, which is most blessed, that of the godless, which is most miserable. Now those who from stupidity and utter want of intelligence do not see that this is so, are unconscious that they get more and more like the one through their unrighteous acts, and more and more unlike the other.
But see, there is another difficulty coming upon us; and it is for you to consider how we can get clear of it. Theaet. What is that? Soc. A question of this kind, which might be put: Is it possible, if a man once became acquainted with something, that while he yet has a recollection of it and retains it, he should not know the very fact that he remembers? But perhaps I am using more words than I need; I merely wish to ask, if a man who has learnt something does not know it when he remembers it?
Soc. And the consequence is, my friend, that your philosopher both in his private dealings and intercourse, and in his public appearance on any occasion, when he is obliged to talk either in a law-court or elsewhere about matters before his feet and in his sight, makes himself ridiculous, not merely to Thracian slave-girls, but to the people generally, by tumbling into pits and into every sort of puzzle through want of practice; and his awkwardness is something terrible to see, and suggests the notion that he must be a downright fool.
Plato-Theaetetus by Plato, Benjamin Jowett
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