By Richard F. Burton
ISBN-10: 0511019769
ISBN-13: 9780511019760
ISBN-10: 0521772001
ISBN-13: 9780521772006
Considering quantitatively approximately body structure is hard for plenty of scholars. in spite of the fact that, it really is essentially vital for college kids to achieve a formal knowing of a number of the innovations concerned. during this enlarged moment variation of his renowned textbook, Richard Burton provides the reader a chance to strengthen a think for values akin to ion concentrations, lung and fluid volumes, and blood pressures by utilizing calculations requiring little greater than simple math. The e-book offers suggestions on the right way to stay away from blunders and the usefulness of approximation and "back-of-envelope sums." the themes mentioned the following contain strength metabolism, nerve and muscle, blood and the cardiovascular procedure, breathing, renal functionality, physique fluids, and acid-base stability. This booklet is key studying for body structure scholars (and lecturers) far and wide, either people who are shy or adept with numbers.
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Extra resources for Physiology by Numbers: An Encouragement to Quantitative Thinking
Sample text
1 A particular 70-kg man has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1700 kcal/day (7000 kJ/day). 8 kcal/day (20 kJ/day). e. kcal/kg day or kJ/kg day)? Expressed in this way, per unit mass, the BMR is known as the specific BMR. The fact that specific BMR decreases predictably with increasing body mass in mammals, from shrew to blue whale, is one of the most important generalizations in comparative physiology. One sees something similar in the general bounciness of small dogs compared with big ones – and in the more sedate behaviour of elephants as compared with mice.
0), so that the absolute metabolic rate of the larger animal is one thousand times that of the smaller. Assume, for ease of calculation, that the metabolic heat is lost to the environment at a rate that is proportional both to the surface area and to the difference in temperature between the body and the environment. 2 If the smaller mammal has a body temperature of 37 °C and the temperature of the environment is 17 °C, what must the body temperature of the larger mammal be for it to remain in heat balance?
5 Logarithms Physiologists use logarithms in a variety of contexts, notably in relation to membrane potentials (Nernst equation), acid–base balance (pH, Henderson–Hasselbalch equation), sensory physiology (Weber–Fechner ‘law’) and graphical analysis (of exponential time courses, allometry, doseresponse curves). Since logarithms now play a much smaller part in school mathematics than formerly, they are explained in Appendix B. The main purpose of this Section is to say a little more about their use in the contexts just mentioned, but it concludes by returning briefly to the topic of rough calculation.
Physiology by Numbers: An Encouragement to Quantitative Thinking by Richard F. Burton
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