By Yu. Ya. Borisov (auth.), L. D. Rozenberg (eds.)
ISBN-10: 1475764537
ISBN-13: 9781475764536
ISBN-10: 1475764553
ISBN-13: 9781475764550
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10 forming these measurements. An intriguing solution has been proposed by Canac and Gavreau [26]. Their radiometer is illustrated schematically in Fig. 15. The generator tobe measured is oriented horizontally. Equipped with a parabolic reflector, it creates a directional beam, which impinges on a plane reflector situated at an angle of 45° with respect to the direction of wave propagation. On being reflected, the wave hits the conical reflecting element of the radiometer. By loading the reflecting element with small weights, it is possible to equalize the radiometer and to determine the radiation pressure.
Thus, the interaction of the ever-present main flow and the periodic reverse flow results in a pulsation of the gas between the resonator and the compression shock. Simultaneously with these pulsations, an oscillation of the compression shock is observed. The version of the mechanism just described to account for the oscillations of the compression shock is called a relaxation mechanism. It has not yet been firmly established exactly what the source of sound is, the pulsating gas column or the oscillating compression shock [27].
It is important to note, in conclusion, that when proper methods of measurement are used, considerable error can be introduced into the absolute values of the acoustic power by inaccuracy in the calibration of the pickup. Using a Rayleigh disk or radiometer, these errors can be reduced to relatively small values, because the instruments in this case are tested with ordinary miniature weights. Piezoelectric pickups, on the other hand, are calibrated in most cases with an error of ±1 dB. Inasmuch as the valtage output of the pickup is squared in determining the power from acoustic pressure measurements, the measurement error is greatly magnified.
Sources of High-Intensity Ultrasound by Yu. Ya. Borisov (auth.), L. D. Rozenberg (eds.)
by George
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