By Aristotele, a cura di Carlo Augusto Viano
ISBN-10: 8802017492
ISBN-13: 9788802017495
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L ater the ideal of friendship is p u sh ed to an extrem e. In th e tru ly best state, all citizens w ould share com m on feelings about everything — a situation w hich could come a b o u t only if pro p erty and fam ily relationships were abolished (739c; cf. 807b). At 693c th e A thenian apologizes for characterizing the ends o f legislation in so m any different ways, b u t claims th at it does not m a tte r w hether the goal is d escribed as self-control, friendship or w isdom , since these are all in reality the same.
Plato does not succeed in bridging this gap: now here does he make any really serious a tte m p t to show th a t the p articular provisions he recom m ends follow from his general conception o f law. 4 The Aims of Legislation Laws, 625c-632c, 688a-b, 693b-c, 697b-c, 705d-706a, 707d, 718c724b, 81 lc-812a, 829a, 857c-859b, 961c-964a; Republic, 426c-435a, 441c-445b; Gorgias 503d-505c We saw in th e last chapter that law, as Plato views it, m ust aim at the overall good o f the city. As it stands, this doctrine lacks any real content, since it gives no account o f the specific form s o f good to be sought by legislation.
1 M oral psychology A t 632e, after establishing th at virtue is the m ain object o f legislation, th e A thenian tu rn s to consider the D orian institutions designed to inculcate courage. As th e C retan and S partan u n d erstand it, courage consists in doing b attle w ith fears and pains, b u t they readily agree w ith the A thenian w hen he suggests th a t it is equally im p o rtan t to struggle against desires and pleasures. In d eed it is the m an who gives w ay to these who has really lost m astery over him self (632e-633e).
La metafisica by Aristotele, a cura di Carlo Augusto Viano
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