By William C. Heffernan, John Kleinig
ISBN-10: 0195129857
ISBN-13: 9780195129854
ISBN-10: 1423760387
ISBN-13: 9781423760382
The economically disadvantaged come into touch with the legal court docket method in disproportionate quantity. This selection of unique, interactive essays, written from quite a few ideological views, explores a few of the extra troubling questions and moral dilemmas inherent during this scenario. The members, together with recognized criminal and political philosophers Philip Pettit, George Fletcher, and Jeremy Waldron, learn matters equivalent to heightened vulnerability, indigent illustration, and rotten social historical past defenses.
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Additional info for From Social Justice to Criminal Justice: Poverty and the Administration of Criminal Law (Practical and Professional Ethics)
Example text
56. , 271. 57. Ibid. This page intentionally left blank 1 Poverty, Crime, and Criminal Justice ANDREW KARMEN Criminology is the scientific study of criminal laws, crimes, offenders, victims, the operations of the criminal justice system, and the social reaction to the problem of lawbreaking. As a research-oriented enterprise, criminology can contribute to two issues of importance to philosophers and legal scholars. First, it can cast light on the role that poverty plays in the generation of criminal activity.
3 Two samples of over 4,000 defendants were drawn, the first in 1992 and the second in 1993. Arrestees were interviewed before arraignment in order to establish eligibility for court-appointed counsel and for release on recognizance (ROR). The researchers found that the unemployment rate for the earlier group was 60 percent, and 54 percent for the later group. Of those who worked full-time, the median weekly take-home pay in each group was around $285. Less than 10 percent of all these urban dwellers said that they owned a car, and of these motorists, only about 10 percent owned a late-model vehicle (less than two years old).
Department of Health, Vital Statistics database drawn from death certificates. Average murder victimization rates over 6-year period. Borough abbreviations: M = Manhattan; Bx = Bronx; Bk = Brooklyn. S. Census. S. , 1996. It is possible that some murder victims who were living in low-income neighborhoods might have been middle class or even affluent; similarly, it is possible that some residents of upscale neighborhoods who met violent deaths might have been poor. (Technically, methodologists call this "the ecological fallacy": making inferences about individuals from grouped data).
From Social Justice to Criminal Justice: Poverty and the Administration of Criminal Law (Practical and Professional Ethics) by William C. Heffernan, John Kleinig
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