By R. M. E. Diamant, N. S. Billington and E. Ower (Auth.)
ISBN-10: 0080069185
ISBN-13: 9780080069180
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Cooling Water Requirements In normal condensing stations the quantity of cooling water required varies between 180 ft3 (1150 litres) of water per minute per MW for very small plants (about 1 MW) down to 60 ft3 (385 litres) water per MW and minute for plants with a capacity in excess of 600 MW. When cooling towers are used, the cooling water is recycled and losses amount to about 1|-2J% of the quantity circulated. Cooling using cooling towers or spray ponds is very much more expensive than using direct seawater or river-water cooling.
These can be used individually or in combination with each other or associated equipment. The two extreme installations are the straight condensing turbine with an independent supply of process steam. 2(a) and (b), and the straight back-pressure turbine Fig. 3. (a) Condensing Turbines A condensing turbine takes steam at boiler pressure and temperature and expands it through the nozzles and blading to a sub-atmospheric pressure or vacuum, where the condenser condenses it to water which 60 TOTAL ENERGY CONDENSER FIG.
At the same time the Stirling engine only occupies approximately 60 % of the space occupied by the diesel. With newer creep and heat-resisting alloys it is possible to operate the engine at temperatures up to 1470°F and 3200 psig (800°C and 220 bar(g)). Under such circumstances efficiencies of up to 50 % may well be obtainable. Stirling Engine Combined with Heat Storage Because of the fact that the Stirling engine uses a closed cycle, it is possible to provide the heat to drive it from a variety of sources.
Total Energy by R. M. E. Diamant, N. S. Billington and E. Ower (Auth.)
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