By Sunita R. Deshmukh, Newton W. K. Wong
ISBN-10: 1904761844
ISBN-13: 9781904761846
Read Online or Download The Renal System Explained: An Illustrated Core Text PDF
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Extra info for The Renal System Explained: An Illustrated Core Text
Example text
36 Renal compensation involves regulation of: In response to the primary decrease in plasma [HCO3–]: • Hydrogen ions 1. chemical buffer systems remove H+ • Bicarbonate ions 2. respiratory centres are stimulated, excreting more CO2 H+ secretion depends primarily on the response of tubule cells in the nephron to plasma pH. HCO3 is freely filtered, but its reabsorption occurs indirectly coupled with H+ secretion, and the regulation of HCO3– excretion is dependent on plasma [H+]. – Acid-base disorders ‘Respiratory’ acid-base disorders are disturbances of acidbase balance resulting from alterations in PCO2.
During the past month she has lost 6 kg. She has a previous history of tuberculosis. On examination, AD appears clinically dehydrated, has marked hyperpigmentation of the skin and postural hypotension, with her blood pressure falling upon assuming an upright posture (110/65 mmHg supine and 80/55 mmHg erect). • The majority of cases of Addison’s disease are due to: – Autoimmune adrenalitis (accounts for 60–70% of all cases) – Tuberculosis (given this patient’s past medical history, tuberculous disease may be the underlying cause) – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection – Metastatic cancers.
2) 4. (a) True. Hence a negative Na+ balance stimulates sympathetic innervation of the kidneys. (b) False. Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent and efferent arterioles is mediated by a1-adrenoceptors. (c) True. 5. (a) False. Renin is the proteolytic enzyme involved in the cleavage of circulating angiotensinogen, the pro-peptide for angiotensin I. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) acts in cleaving angiotensin I to release angiotensin II. 5) (b) True. (c) False. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal cortex.
The Renal System Explained: An Illustrated Core Text by Sunita R. Deshmukh, Newton W. K. Wong
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