By Susan Muaddi Darraj
ISBN-10: 1604134933
ISBN-13: 9781604134933
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Additional info for The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Milestones in Modern World History)
Example text
On October 24, the Soviet ships stopped short of the blockade line. S. promises not to invade Cuba and to pull its own nuclear missiles out of Turkey, close to the Soviet border. Khrushchev’s removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba cost him much prestige among Russians. In 1964, he was ousted by members of the Communist Party. ”10 With the economy in relatively good shape, Khrushchev’s successor, Leonid Brezhnev, focused on strengthening the USSR militarily. Much money was spent on defense measures, building a nuclear arsenal and other weaponry, which helped to increase employment.
Gorbachev was named general secretary of the CPSU on March 10, 1985. Philip Longworth notes, “Gorbachev was a new kind of Soviet leader. ”2 Indeed, Gorbachev had long been of the mind that the USSR needed major reform from within to keep it competitive with other nations and to improve the status quo among its citizens. The problem was how to implement this kind of change: How much change could the empire tolerate in the face of all its challenges? These challenges included an ongoing war with Afghanistan, rebellions in the satellite states, a large and expensive military, a weakening economy (because of the costs of maintaining an empire as well as sharply rising oil prices in the 1970s), a long history of political suppression, and a poor impression of Soviet tactics and politics in other countries.
The war with Afghanistan earned the USSR severe criticism at home and abroad. 61 6 The Era of Gorbachev B rezhnev, who had presided over an era of military expansion, economic stagnation, and massive internal corruption, died in 1982. He was succeeded by Yuri Andropov, the head of the KGB—the Soviets’ elite secret police, internal security, and espionage organization. Andropov intended to end Brezhnev’s rampant corruption by putting restrictions on the apparatchikis, but he became ill. During his illness, he was aided in many of his duties by a young member of the Politburo, Mikhail Gorbachev.
The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Milestones in Modern World History) by Susan Muaddi Darraj
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