By Oliver Pooth
ISBN-10: 3834810037
ISBN-13: 9783834810038
With the beginning of the big Hadron Collider LHC at CERN close to Geneva, Switzerland, and the massive detectors alongside this particle accelerator, the biggest excessive power physics experiments ever are underway. one of many experiments is the CMS detector (Compact Muon Solenoid). With this scan over 3,000 scientists and engineers all over the world will look for solutions to primary questions in excessive power physics.
Oliver Pooth describes the silicon strip tracker of the CMS detector. With a delicate silicon zone of two hundred m² it's a significant a part of the test and ready to accurately degree charged debris originating from excessive power proton collisions on the LHC. In overall, greater than 15,000 person silicon strip detector modules have been outfitted and validated earlier than they have been built-in on higher substructures of the silicon strip tracker. the writer discusses tools of quality controls which are new to the sphere of particle detector physics. those tools have been validated to assure a uniform behaviour of all detector modules that have been outfitted and verified in quite a few areas around the world. After integration into the CMS test and commissioning, the silicon strip tracker is now able to function for a minimum of ten years of LHC operating.
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Additional info for The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker: Concept, Production, and Commissioning
Sample text
The number of sensors do not take into account spare sensors. 8: The different silicon sensor geometries. 3 for the exact dimensions. 50 3 The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker used to efficiently remove the generated heat, carbon fibre with high thermal conductivity of 800 W/(mK) is used. Glue joints between the frames and the silicon compensate remaining differences in the expansion coefficients. The chosen glue complies with requirements for radiation hardness, good thermal conductivity and long term stability.
05 eV. The concentration of free charge carriers is therefore increased drastically compared to the intrinsic free charge carriers in pure silicon. 2. Free electrons and holes recombine and a depletion zone is established free from charge carriers. To form a particle detector this diode is used in reverse-biasing to provide an electrical field inside the depletion zone, to remove charge carriers produced by a traversing particle, and to enlarge the depletion zone and therefore the sensitive detector volume.
The edges of the conduction band and valence band are given for the individual materials (left) and the p-n junction (right). In the equilibrium state after charge annihilation in the contact zone and levelling of the Fermi energies EF a contact potential VC is established. When applying an external potential difference the p-n junction acts like a diode in reverse-biasing. 3) ⎧ 0 < x < xn ⎨ e · nD ρ(x) = −e · nA −x p < x < 0 ⎩ 0 else the electric field is given by ⎧ ⎨ e · nD (x − xn ) εε0 Ex = −e · nA (x + x p ) ⎩ 0 0 < x < xn −x p < x < 0 else with the boundary conditions Ex (x ≤ −x p ) = Ex (x ≥ −xn ) = 0.
The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker: Concept, Production, and Commissioning by Oliver Pooth
by David
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