By Hirohisa Hirai, Hiroo Imai, Yasuhiro Go
ISBN-10: 4431540105
ISBN-13: 9784431540106
ISBN-10: 4431540113
ISBN-13: 9784431540113
In 2001, first studies of the human draft genome have been released. when you consider that then, genomes of many different organisms were sequenced, together with a number of primate species: the chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, baboon, marmoset, tarsier, galago, lemur, and extra lately Neanderthals. In a brand new period of "post-genome biology", scientists now have the sizeable quantity of knowledge published by means of genome study to confront probably the most tough, primary questions in primatology and anthropology: What makes us human? This quantity contains a set of articles on numerous themes suitable to primate genomes, together with evolution, human origins, genome constitution, chromosome genomics, and bioinformatics. The ebook covers the state-of-the-art learn in molecular primatology and gives nice insights into the practical variety of primates. This important assortment will profit researchers and scholars, together with primatologists, anthropologists, molecular biologists, evolutionary biologists, and animal behaviorists.
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Extra info for Post-Genome Biology of Primates
Example text
J Hum Evol 52:443–454 Horder T (2006) Heterochrony. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. net Johnson MH (2001) Functional brain development in humans. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:475–483 Kaplan HS, Robson AJ (2002) The emergence of humans: the coevolution of intelligence and longevity with intergenerational transfers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10221–10226 Kavanagh KD, Evans AR, Jernvall J (2007) Predicting evolutionary patterns of mammalian teeth from development. Nature (Lond) 449:427–432 Khaitovich P, Hellmann I, Enard W et al (2005) Parallel patterns of evolution in the genomes and transcriptomes of humans and chimpanzees.
An alternative idea builds on the observation that brain size is strongly correlated with lifespan among primates (Walker et al. 2006), and it tries to connect human encephalization with longevity through a hypothetical physiological clock (Comfort 1979; Rose and Mueller 1998). As a consequence of the clock, prolonged development would automatically lead to prolonged lifespan. For instance, the “embodied capital hypothesis” suggests that the complex hunting and gathering niche of Homo selected for individuals with larger brains and longer lifespan, allowing for an extensive learning period and older age (Kaplan and Robson 2002; Gurven et al.
For instance, synaptic pruning extends into adolescence, whereas the myelinization of neuronal connections in the prefrontal cortex, evolutionarily the most recent brain region, only finalizes by approximately 30–35 years of age (Sowell et al. 2004; de Graaf-Peters and Hadders-Algra 2006; Marsh et al. 2008). During this time, the maturing brain is constantly exposed to a complex social environment; this is crucial to normal cognitive development, as illustrated by unfortunate cases when infants are deprived of social contact (Cavalli 2007; Veenema 2009).
Post-Genome Biology of Primates by Hirohisa Hirai, Hiroo Imai, Yasuhiro Go
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