Download e-book for iPad: Platone by Paul Friedländer, a cura di Andrea Le Moli

By Paul Friedländer, a cura di Andrea Le Moli

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4) His second exposes a crippling defect in the craft analogy, and puts into question the assumption that conventional virtues must be genuine ones. (5) None of Socrates' responses refutes Thrasymachus' account. (6) Thrasymachus rejects the negative elenchus in favour of positive theory, and develops such a theory himself. (7) Plato presents an explicit criticism of the negative 22 1. 8 PLATO'S PURPOSES elenchus, and abandons it after Book 1 in favour of a positive account, which, like Thrasymachus', rests on a theory of the psyche and a political thepry.

These different natures are of three primary types: money-lovers, honour-lovers, and wisdomlovers, or philosophers. Each is ruled, or has his ultimate goal determined by, the desires in one of the three parts of the psyche: appetite, aspiration, and reason. Each has his own distinctive pleasure, his own peculiar Weltanschauung. A money-lover is ruled by the desires in appetite. He wants the pleasure of making a profit more than anything else, so that even under optimal conditions, he will develop his understanding of himself and the world only to the degree that doing so is profitable.

Since it too is derived from (I), the stronger it refers to cannot be the ruler (or Ruler). It follows that (5) is not (A). But nor does Thrasymachus suppose that it is. (5) is a vital step in his argument for (A), not its terminus. The next move is made by means of the tyrant: You will see this [how much more it benefits the man of great power to be unjust rather than just] if you turn your thoughts to the most complete form of injustice, which brings the greatest happiness to the one who commits it, and the greatest misery to those who suffer it and are unwilling to do injustice.

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