By National Council on Radiation Protection and Measuremen
ISBN-10: 0929600916
ISBN-13: 9780929600918
Cesium-137 (137Cs) is crucial long term contributor to the environmental radiation dose obtained through people and different organisms because of nuclear reactor operations and guns trying out. over the last few many years, 137Cs has been the main ample residual radionuclide at many amenities within the nuclear guns complicated of the U.S. division of strength (DOE), at nuclear gas reprocessing amenities, at nuclear reactor websites, at many radioactive waste disposal websites, in soils around the world because of worldwide fallout from ancient nuclear guns checking out, and within the former Soviet Union and different locales in Europe due to the Chernobyl twist of fate. additionally, there's trouble concerning the use of 137Cs by way of terrorists to create a so-called “dirty bomb.”
Read or Download NCRP REPORT No. 154. Cesium-137 in the Environment Radioecology and Approaches to Assessment and Management PDF
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Extra info for NCRP REPORT No. 154. Cesium-137 in the Environment Radioecology and Approaches to Assessment and Management
Sample text
The potential for successful application of phytoextraction and/or phytostabilization techniques to contaminated soils depends strongly on site-specific conditions. Factors such as cleanup goals, level of radionuclide contamination, depth of contamination, the presence of other toxic materials, and climatic conditions can all influence the likelihood of success. Successful phytoextraction depends on optimizing both the production of harvestable biomass and the transfer of 137Cs from soil to harvestable plant parts.
This equation offers a very practical and reliable way to estimate concentrations of 137Cs in fish, based on measured water concentrations, potassium levels, and sediment load. Relatively complex but rigorous dynamic models have also been developed to estimate concentrations of 137Cs in fish. These accounts for ingestion rates by the fish, concentration of 137Cs in food, assimilation fraction, body mass, growth rate, elimination rate, and loss to eggs and sperm. In turn, ingestion and elimination rates, as well as growth rates are temperature-dependent, thus seasonally-dependent, but these dependencies can be modeled as well.
As mentioned, the main focus currently at Hanford is cleanup of contaminated soil. This primarily involves digging up contaminated soil and transporting it to another site, namely the Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF), which is located a considerable distance from the Columbia River. 8 × 106 kg of material containing ~7 PBq of 137Cs had been disposed of in ERDF through 2001. Completely isolating the 137Cs and other radionuclides at ERDF and other sites from plant and animal uptake will continue to be a challenge to site managers for years to come.
NCRP REPORT No. 154. Cesium-137 in the Environment Radioecology and Approaches to Assessment and Management by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measuremen
by Robert
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