By Ludger Mees
ISBN-10: 1349508225
ISBN-13: 9781349508228
ISBN-10: 1403943893
ISBN-13: 9781403943897
Ludger Mees deals the 1st complete learn of 1 of Europe's such a lot protracted ethnic conflicts. He rigorously analyzes either the old roots of the clash and its later turning out to be violent measurement. particular cognizance is paid to the framing of a brand new chance constitution throughout the Nineteen Nineties, which facilitated the 1st critical, yet finally pissed off, try and dealer a payment. within the gentle of alternative theoretical and comparative techniques, the explanations for the dramatic go back of terrorism and the chances of a extra profitable clash de-escalation within the close to destiny are mentioned.
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Additional resources for Nationalism, Violence and Democracy: The Basque Clash of Identities
Sample text
Consequently, during the dictatorship, culture and language became important vehicles of nationalist mobilization in times in which political protest was outlawed. On the other hand, in the Basque case autochthonous culture and language were in a much worse position. Euskara was spoken only by a minority and it is very much harder to learn than Catalan. Furthermore, most Basque intellectuals and writers since the end of the nineteenth century scorned it as a rural relic useless in the modern world.
7 In the rest of Spain, transition meant basically the problem of transforming a dictatorial regime into a modern, liberal, parliamentary democracy upheld by a constitution. In regions like Catalonia and Galicia, the establishment of democracy was regarded a first and necessary step for the achievement of a second aim: the implementation of some kind of self-government. In the Basque Country, however, instead of consecutive steps and aims (democracy then self-government), policy-makers had to deal with a sort of three-dimensional knot, in which each of the dimensions was closely linked with the others.
This now passed to ETA, which – despite the official criticism articulated by the PNV leaders – was considered with sympathy and pride by many nationalists, as the organization of lost, but brave and patriotic sons. The huge mobilization against the Burgos trial (1970), including general strikes, was the best visible demonstration of this shift in the history of Basque nationalism. At the time of the Burgos trial, ETA had already put into practice the thesis published by Krutwig. Since its Fifth Assembly in 1966, ETA organized its ‘Military Front’ in order to prepare for ‘revolutionary war’ against the Spanish enemy.
Nationalism, Violence and Democracy: The Basque Clash of Identities by Ludger Mees
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