By Jeffrey S. Beasley
ISBN-10: 1292025476
ISBN-13: 9781292025476
Offers an advent to digital communications whereas reflecting the swift alterations and enhancements happening within the box. Miller covers themes starting from electric noise to digital/data communications, microwaves and fibre optics.
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Sample text
At low frequencies it has a negligible effect, but at high frequencies capacitance no longer appears as an open circuit and starts affecting circuit performance. The inductor is now functioning like a complex RLC circuit. A simple wire exhibits a small amount of inductance. The longer the wire, the greater the inductance. At low frequencies this small inductance (usually a few nanohenries) looks like a short circuit and has no effect. At radio frequencies, however, this can be a problem because the unwanted inductive reactance goes up in value directly as the frequency goes up.
As we get above 100 kHz, the size of the required inductors becomes small enough so that LC combinations are used. Many filters use more than one RC or LC section to achieve the desired filtering. The number of RC or LC sections in a filter is referred to as the number of poles in the filter. The two basic types of LC filters are the constant-k and the m-derived filters. The constant-k filters have the capacitive and inductive reactances made equal to a constant value k. The m-derived filters use a tuned circuit in the filter to provide nearly infinite attenuation at a specific frequency.
When greater frequency stability than that provided by LC oscillators is required, a crystal-controlled oscillator is often utilized. A crystal oscillator is one that uses a piezoelecu·ic crystal as the inductive element of an LC circuit. The crystal, usually quartz, also has a resonant frequency of its own, but optimum performance is obtained when it is coupled with an external capacitance. The electrical equi valent circuit of a crystal is shown in Figure 26. It represents the crystal by a series resonant circuit (with resistive losses) in parallel with a capacitance CP.
Modern electronic communication by Jeffrey S. Beasley
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