Download e-book for kindle: Lipoic Acid: Energy Production, Antioxidant Activity and by Mulchand S. Patel, Lester Packer

By Mulchand S. Patel, Lester Packer

ISBN-10: 1420045377

ISBN-13: 9781420045376

The popularity of oxidative rigidity as a significant factor in wellbeing and fitness, getting older, and ailment has resulted in a surge in examine geared toward uncovering potent countermeasures within the kind of antioxidants. certain in its two-fold protecting functionality, alpha-lipoic acid has drawn unheard of curiosity as a coenzyme in mitochondrial power metabolism and as an antioxidant and mobile redox modulator. Mounting information concerning its power overall healthiness advantages calls for an authoritative, single-source connection with codify present wisdom and advisor destiny study.   A state-of-the-science compilation, Lipoic Acid follows the historical past of this powerful coenzyme and the most recent discoveries concerning the chemistry, organic motion, and importance in strength creation, antioxidant job, and healthiness. The ebook is split into 3 sections: ·         part I: Discovery and Molecular constitution reports the early reviews resulting in the invention of alpha-lipoic acid and explains the molecular constitution, biosynthesis, and the characterization of lipoic acid and its chemical derivatives. ·         part II: Metabolic points describes intimately the human pharmacokinetics of alpha-lipoic acid together with the lipoic acid-derived dehydrogenase complexes and their roles in strength metabolism. It additionally explains antioxidant task and redox modulation and the way lipoic acid induces section II detoxing enzymes via activation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. ·         part III medical elements discusses enzyme deficiency problems and the consequences of lipoic acid on insulin. It defines lipoic acid effect on signaling pathways and AMP-activated kinase, and considers the healing implications for remedy of metabolic syndromes and the development of mitochondrial functionality by way of lipoic acid supplementation. Contributions from best foreign researchers make Lipoic Acid the main finished, up to date account of the effect of this possibly key molecule in diminishing the dangerous results of getting older and illness.

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Additional resources for Lipoic Acid: Energy Production, Antioxidant Activity and Health Effects (Oxidative Stress and Disease)

Sample text

Channeling of intermediates among the various active sites located on different subunits [8–10]. 1B). The disulfide form of the cofactor acts as an electron acceptor in each of the multienzyme complexes that employ it, becoming reduced by two-electrons during turnover. Reoxidation of dihydrolipoamide must take place for additional rounds of turnover to occur, and is catalyzed by the flavoenzyme lipoamide dehydrogenase. The reducing equivalents generated in each overall reaction are ultimately transferred to NADþ, affording NADH and a proton.

Electron micrographs of the E. coli PDH complex and its component enzymes negatively stained with phosphotungstate revealed that the complex had a polyhedral structure with a diameter of about 300 Å, that the acetyltransferase (E2) occupied the center of the polyhedron, and that the molecules of E1 and E3 were distributed on its surface. The shape of the acetyltransferase indicated that it had a cube-like structure. The shape of the succinyltransferase component of the E. coli KGDH complex was very similar.

DNA sequencing of the lplA gene showed an open reading frame of 1014 bp, which encoded a protein of 338 amino acids and a molecular mass of 37,926 Da. Analysis of the protein by electrospray ionization (EI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry afforded molecular masses of 37,795 and 37,791 Da, respectively for each method, which is in agreement with the molecular mass of the protein lacking the N-terminal formylmethionine group as predicted from its gene sequence.

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Lipoic Acid: Energy Production, Antioxidant Activity and Health Effects (Oxidative Stress and Disease) by Mulchand S. Patel, Lester Packer


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