By Alfred Weber; Frank Thilly
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Example text
For after the effective arguments we do not mind joking at the expense of the deluded and self-satisfied dogmatists. Now we sceptics are accustomed straightforwardly to compare the 63 irrational animals en masse with humans, but since the dogmatists with their ingenious explanations say that the comparison is unequal, we will (purely for good measure and carrying the joke further) rest the argument on one animal - for example the dog, if you like, which is thought to be the lowest animal of all.
The story which Sextus tells is also found in several other sources. Philo relates it as follows: A hound was after a beast. When it came to a deep shaft which had two trails beside it - one to the right and the other to the left - having but a short distance yet to go, it deliberated which way would be worth taking. Going to the right and finding no trace, it returned and took the other. Since there was no clearly perceptible mark there either, with no further scenting it jumped into the shaft to track down hastily.
But since 'the pleasant and unpleasant lie in appearances', we may infer that objects appear differently to different animals (§58). In what sense do 'the pleasant and unpleasant lie in appearances'? Sextus might mean, simply, that pleasure and pain are appearances. Since the same things are pleasant to some animals and unpleasant to others, that very fact is itself an instance of the general claim that appearances differ from animal to animal. In later modes we shall find Sextus treating pleasure and pain as appearances in this way.
History of philosophy by Alfred Weber; Frank Thilly
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