By J. R. Lloyd MA (auth.)
ISBN-10: 0333471318
ISBN-13: 9780333471319
ISBN-10: 1349103918
ISBN-13: 9781349103911
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Additional resources for Genes and Chromosomes
Sample text
Ageing in a fungus Podospora anserina is controlled by a gene which can infect another individual, and several other fungal species have similar genes. The case of greatest significance is that of male sterility. This occurs in 80 different species of angiosperms and is only apparent when repeated backcrossing to one parent creates the effect of having the nucleus of one species surrounded by the cytoplasm of the other. This is done by using the male parent of one species on the hybrids of each generation.
They are highly infertile, so crops which form seeds cannot use triploidy, but their growth is usually faster and the result larger and more showy. Triploids may be induced artificially by treatment with colchicine, which inhibits spindle formation. Again triploids are not thought to be important in evolution, except as a possible intermediate stage before some further doubling restores their fertility. 54 They may be an isolating force, and in the case of vegetatively reproducing plants could eventually result in new species.
It is suggested that the melanic gene and its complex evolved to protect the moth from predation in the ancient British pine forests, where the dark background would make the insect very difficult to catch in flight. Dr McWhirter has proposed that ancient gene complexes are likely to show a more stepwise mode of evolution, because they will be less responsive to small environmental and genetic changes, the complex acting as a buffer to rapid change. Genes considered palaeogenic on this basis include A gene for mimicry in Papilio dardanus from Madagascar.
Genes and Chromosomes by J. R. Lloyd MA (auth.)
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