By Elizabeth Hinton
ISBN-10: 0674737237
ISBN-13: 9780674737235
Within the usa at the present time, one in each thirty-one adults is lower than a few type of penal regulate, together with one in 11 African American males. How did the “land of the unfastened” turn into the house of the world’s biggest criminal process? tough the assumption that America’s felony challenge originated with the Reagan administration’s struggle on medicines, Elizabeth Hinton lines the increase of mass incarceration to an ironic resource: the social welfare courses of Lyndon Johnson’s nice Society on the top of the civil rights era.
Johnson’s warfare on Poverty regulations sought to foster equality and fiscal chance. yet those projects have been additionally rooted in broadly shared assumptions approximately African americans’ function in city disease, which brought on Johnson to name for a simultaneous battle on Crime. The 1965 legislations Enforcement tips Act empowered the nationwide govt to take an immediate function in militarizing neighborhood police. Federal anticrime investment quickly incentivized social provider companies to best friend with police departments, courts, and prisons. below Richard Nixon and his successors, welfare courses fell by means of the wayside whereas funding in policing and punishment improved. looking forward to destiny crime, policymakers prompt states to construct new prisons and brought legislations enforcement measures into city faculties and public housing, turning neighborhoods into ambitions of police surveillance.
By the Eighties, crime regulate and incarceration ruled nationwide responses to poverty and inequality. The tasks of that decade have been much less a pointy departure than the whole cognizance of the punitive transformation of city coverage carried out by means of Republicans and Democrats alike because the Nineteen Sixties.
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Extra resources for From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America
Example text
National law enforcement programs focused on black neighborhoods from the outset heightened the chance of arrest for young African American men, and fostered the rise of a statistical apparatus primarily concerned with measuring street crime. All of these reinforced the association between black neighborhoods and criminality. IN TRODUCTION 23 Research initiatives and punitive projects grew more tightly integrated still as the Nixon administration pursued its strategy based entirely on the anticipation of future crime.
Everybody will help,” Fassier promised. ” Because the Republic had goals that were very much in line with the larger objectives of the Kennedy administration’s approach to combating delinquency, assisting the Republic in expanding their programming and membership would have been a fitting project for the President’s Committee and Mobilization for Youth to fund. 1 million donation from the Vincent Astor Foundation. 25 The lack of support the Boys Brotherhood Republic received from federal officials reflected the top-down strategies favored by Mobilization for Youth planners and national antidelinquency programs elsewhere.
30 20 FR O M T H E WAR ON POV E RT Y TO T HE WA R ON CRI M E The theory behind the juvenile delinquency programs developed by the Kennedy administration came from liberal criminologists Lloyd Ohlin and Richard Cloward, who, like earlier social reformers targeting European ethnics, saw crime among urban black and Latino youth as the product of social forces rather than of individual behav ior. Ohlin and Cloward’s “opportunity theory” sought to change the relationship between young low-income urban Americans and the social institutions around them in order to break the community pathologies that Ohlin and Cloward believed perpetuated poverty and, in the process, to prevent delinquency.
From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America by Elizabeth Hinton
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