From Satellite to Single Market: The Europeanisation of by Richard Collins PDF

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Extra resources for From Satellite to Single Market: The Europeanisation of Public Service Television (Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies)

Example text

6 The General Assembly and the Administrative Council make decisions on the basis of proposals from Committees and Study Groups which are, in turn, supported by the Union’s Permanent Services. Votes are allocated to countries (rather than to broadcasters) and each member country has twenty-four votes (thus Monaco and Germany have equal voting power in the Union’s business). A country’s votes are divided between its member broadcasters (thus, for example, the ZDF and ARD share Germany’s votes). Both active and associate members may participate at meetings of the General Assembly but only active members may vote.

Not only did this change, or cluster of related changes, threaten European public service broadcasting and its collective expression the EBU, but the EBU’s responses to the changed circumstances intensified the difficulties heralded by the advent of competition. If creation of a rights monopsony accounted for the birth of the EBU then, for much of the 1980s, it appeared as if the EBU’s death might arise from the same cause. European public service broadcasters’ long-standing success in countering the power of rights holders by establishing the EBU as a monopsony to acquire rights led to a succession of difficult conflicts with the Competition Directorate of the Commission of the European Communities.

These presumptions can be characterised as technological and cultural determinism and can be exemplified in Community documents of the 1980s and 1990s. In 1986 the Commission described the audio-visual policy field thus: At the end of 1986 the whole European television scene will be transformed by the appearance of Europe’s first direct television satellites…. The choice is clear: Either a strengthening of exchanges within Europe and a deepening of Community cooperation to promote the identity of our continent in all its diversity; or a surrender to powerful competitors and their cultural models, be it the Americans today, or the Japanese tomorrow.

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