By Donna Lee Van Cott
ISBN-10: 0521855020
ISBN-13: 9780521855020
In accordance with huge unique examine and special old case reviews, this booklet hyperlinks historic institutional research and social stream conception to a examine of political structures during which new ethnic cleavages have emerged. It reports the remarkable transformation of indigenous peoples' events into potential political events within the Nineteen Nineties in 4 Latin American international locations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) and their failure to achieve others (Argentina, Peru). The examine concludes with the democratic implications of the emergence of this phenomenon within the context of declining public help for events.
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Additional info for From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics
Example text
For Horowitz, ethnic parties must serve the interests of a particular ethnic group, from whom the party overwhelmingly derives its support (Horowitz 1985: 291–2). The distribution of the party’s support, thus, is the defining property of the ethnic party. In Latin America, however, because indigenous peoples are often a minority of registered voters, a significant portion of an ethnic party’s support may come from nonIndians who view indigenous candidates as an “outsider” alternative to corrupt, unresponsive traditional politicians.
Both countries’ new constitutions allow indigenous social movement organizations to participate in elections without forming a political party. 5 Reserved Seats and Quotas Lijphart argues that the creation of electoral districts along ethnic rather than geographic criteria is the simplest way to guarantee ethnic representation. This usually involves creating ethnic voting rolls, which have been used in Cyprus, New Zealand, and Zimbabwe (Lijphart 1986b: 116). Reserved seats guarantee access to the political process.
Latin American party systems tend to be less institutionalized, to have more shallow roots in society, and weaker, less formal party organizations. Latin American party systems are more characterized by associations based on personal connections, corruption, and clientelism, which facilitate their monopoly over state power (Mainwaring 1999: 332). , Hug 2001; Kitschelt 1989; Mayer and Ely 1998; Thomas 2001). Thus, we cannot directly apply theories derived from European parties to Latin America. Lessons from other developing areas offer some insights but also are difficult to apply to Latin America because ethnic identity is experienced and expressed in different ways in Asia and Africa.
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