By Lee A. Segel, Irun R. Cohen
ISBN-10: 0195136993
ISBN-13: 9780195136999
ISBN-10: 0198031343
ISBN-13: 9780198031345
Layout rules for the Immune method and different dispensed self sustaining structures is the 1st ebook to envision the interior workings of the sort of number of disbursed self sufficient systems--from insect colonies to excessive point desktop courses to the immune method. It deals perception into the attention-grabbing global of those structures that emerge from the interactions of likely self reliant elements and brings us updated at the nation of study in those parts. utilizing the immune approach and likely points of its capabilities as a first-rate version, this booklet examines a few of the finest and troubling questions posed through advanced structures. How do structures decide on the perfect set of brokers to accomplish acceptable activities with acceptable intensities at acceptable instances? How within the immune process, ant colonies and metabolic networks does the diffusion and binding of a big number of chemical substances to their receptors allow coordination of method motion? What merits force a few of the platforms to complexity, and by means of what mechanisms do the platforms do something about the tendency towards unwieldiness and randomness of huge complicated structures?
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Additional info for Design Principles for the Immune System and Other Distributed Autonomous Systems (Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity Proceedings)
Sample text
The agent cyclosporin A inhibits TNF production macrophages at the translational level and in T and B cells at the transcriptional level [82]. 7 CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE This process develops in response to prolonged persistence of an antigen, it typically follows the acute inflammatory response. These antigens can come from microorganisms or self-antigens in autoimmune diseases where T cells are continually activated. Two cytokines in particular, IFN-7 and TNF-a produced by TH! cells arid macrophages, respectively, play a central role in the development of chronic inflammation.
Act at a distant site (endocrine mode of action). Made by more than IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, one type of cell. IL-5, and TNF-a are made only by lymphoid cells. Structurally dissimilar cytokines have an overlapping spectrum of actions ("redundancy"). Multiple target cells and multiple actions ("pleiotropy"). Usually have short action radius (autocrine or paracririe mode of action). TNF, IL-1, or IL-6 in septic shock. , /? cells of the pancreas). Other examples exist such as the production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary and parathormone by the parathyroid.
Autoimmune lymphocytes. lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow, and secrete antibody. a historical term, now used mostly to refer to the part of the immune response that is connected with T cells. process of tolerizing immature T cells in the thymus. MHC, which occurs in almost all cells, that presents (in an "MHC/peptide complex") peptides generated in the cell's interior. MHC, which only occurs in certain cells of the immune system or when particular cells are activated, that presents fragments of proteins that are bound to the cell surface or that have been ingested.
Design Principles for the Immune System and Other Distributed Autonomous Systems (Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity Proceedings) by Lee A. Segel, Irun R. Cohen
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