By Aristotle
ISBN-10: 0140444718
ISBN-13: 9780140444711
For the Pre-Socratic philosophers the soul was once the resource of move and sensation, whereas for Plato it used to be the seat of being, metaphysically certain from the physique that it was once compelled briefly to inhabit. Plato's scholar Aristotle was resolute to check the reality of either those ideals opposed to the rising sciences of good judgment and biology. His exam of the large number of dwelling organisms the large variety in their behaviour, their powers and their perceptual sophistication confident him of the inadequacy either one of a materialist aid and of a Platonic sublimation of the soul. In De Anima, he sought to set out his concept of the soul because the final fact of embodied shape and produced either a masterpiece of philosophical perception and a psychology of perennially attention-grabbing subtlety
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Extra info for De Anima (On the Soul)
Example text
On the one hand, there is our growing awareness of the internal structure of those organs in which the material soul might be held to reside. This awareness eventually made it obvious, at an early point in the modern era, that there is simply no available space, no room, for a material soul to fit into the material of the body. On the other hand, we have come to have a far closer feel for the structure of that matter of which we suppose the world to be composed, and all our theories of it, all our prognostications about it, seem to indicate in it a structure that is not illuminatively paralleled with any structure of psychic material that we might be tempted to posit if we favoured a materialist substantialist theory of the soul.
It is extremely important to grasp the character of these refutations, which is essentially the same in the two cases, because it is highly eloquent of Aristotle’s entire approach to the problem of the soul. The essence, then, of the Aristotelian rejection of both Democritus and Empedocles is that in seeking to explain psychic functions the way they do, they are giving the wrong kind of account. 11 This expression describes the attempt to account for a phenomenon in terms only of the Matter that is involved in it.
This modern debate, framed as it is in the much more sophisticated conceptual apparatus of modern scientific jargon, is in essence only a repetition of the issue here contested between Aristotle and Democritus. In the scientific era in which Newtonian mechanics reigned supreme and all sciences aspired to render themselves compatible with atomist physics, the names of Democritus, Leucippus, Epicurus and Lucretius were held in high regard, not without reason, and that of Aristotle was frequently castigated and reviled.
De Anima (On the Soul) by Aristotle
by Ronald
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