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By G. Meimaris

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P. 318, no. 17; A. Alt, "Borelia", ZDPV6Z (1949), pp. 90-92. 49. F. M. Abel, "Inscriptions grecques de Bersabée", RB 12 (1903), p. 426, no. 2. 50. For the two which mention only month and indiction see A. Alt, "Die neuen Inschriften aus der Palaes­ tina Tertia", ZDPV46 (1923), p. 61, nos. 12, 13. 51. Kirk-Welles, Nessana 1, p. 178, no. 108. 52. Kraemer, Nessana 3, p. 89, no. 29 and p. 92, no. 30. 45 for the relation of the Julian calendar to the Graeco-Arabic one. In the seventh cen­ tury AD Roman months were used in the Greek papyri53 ofthat area without any ref­ erence to their Macedonian counterparts, but always in connection with the Hegira era.

From at least AD 462 onwards it started on 1 September. Based on an inscription from the martyrium of St. e. on the "dies natalis Augusti". Despite the statement in Chronicon Paschale that the law instituting the in­ diction was authorized by Constantine the Great, Grumel13 credited Licinius - Con­ stantine's co-regnant in the capital of Eastern Roman Empire, Bithynia - with the actual invention of the Constantinopolitan version of the indiction as starting on 23 September (the Bithynian New Year commenced on that very day).

H. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (London 1981), pp. 51-52, 69, 84, 96, 116, 126, 158. 37 Apart from the identical Macedonian nomenclature, month sequence and count of days, the calendars mentioned by the inscriptions differ widely. They are adapta­ tions of the Macedonian calendar after its improvement by the Babylonian and Julian one (Syro-Macedonian group of Julianized calendars) or after its assimilation by the Egyptian calendar (Egypto-Macedonian group). All the sources which provide evidence for the calendars used in Palestine and Arabia date well after Julius Caesar's calendaric reform (46 BC), which substituted the existing Roman calendar with a new solar one of Egyptian origin and invention.

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Chronological systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia: The evidence of the dated Greek inscriptions by G. Meimaris


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